\( \renewcommand{\ensuremath}{} \renewcommand{\mathnormal}{} \renewcommand{\qedhere}{} \def\sp{^} \def\sb{_} \def\vrule{|} \def\dag{\dagger} \def\llbracket{[\![} \def\rrbracket{]\!]} \def\sssize{\scriptsize} \def\addtodocassocfiles#1{ \xdef\docassociatedfiles{\docassociatedfiles\space#1 0 R}} \def\linkdocassocfiles{ \pdfcatalog{/AF[\docassociatedfiles]} } \def\docassociatedfiles{} \renewcommand{\AtEndAfterFileList}[1]{} \renewcommand{\acro}[1]{\textSMC{#1}\@} \renewcommand{\textSMC}[1]{{\SMC #1}} \def\texttub{\textsl } \renewcommand{\cs}[1]{\texttt{\string#1}} \renewcommand{\pdt}[1]{\textsf{#1}} \renewcommand{\uni}[1]{{\textsf{U+#1}}} \newcommand{\BNF}[2]{\langle\mathit{#2}#1\rangle} \newcommand{\BNF}[1]{\langle\mathit{#1}#1\rangle} \def\Exfootmark{\hyperlink{Hfootnote.1}{\footnotemark[1]}} \def\Octalfootmark{footnote \hyperlink{Hfootnote.11}{11}} \def\PDFA{\acro{PDF/A}} \def\PDFUA{\acro{PDF/UA}} \def\ISO{\acro{ISO}} \def\{\{ }\def\inst#1{}} \def\dblquote#1{"#1"} \def\PPDF{PDF} \def\TeX{TeX} \def\LaTeX{LaTeX} \def\MathML{MathML} \def\LNAIlink{http://www.springer.com/computer/theoretical+computer+science/book/978-3-319-08433-6?otherVersion=978-3-319-08433-6} \)
Abstract
Including LATEX source of mathematical expressions, within the PDF document of a text-book or research paper, has definite benefits regarding `Accessibility' considerations. Here we describe three ways in which this can be done, fully compatibly with international standards ISO 32000, ISO 19005-3, and the forthcoming ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0). Two methods use embedded files, also known as `attachments', holding information in either LATEX or MathML formats, but use different PDF structures to relate these attachments to regions of the document window. One uses structure, so is applicable to a fully `Tagged PDF' context, while the other uses /AF tagging of the relevant content. The third method requires no tagging at all, instead including the source coding as the /ActualText replacement of a so-called `fake space'. Information provided this way is extracted via simple Select/Copy/Paste actions, and is available to existing screen-reading software and assistive technologies.